Research Notes:

Ellis says that "it is all but certain that [Ralph Paynel] was a younger son of the seigneur of Moûtiers-Hubert near Lisieux, and had been with his elder brother William at the battle of Hastings", adding that "William returned to Normandy". He appears to base this on the Chronique de Normandie, based on le Roman de Rou, which names "Paomiel [which Ellis transcribes as "Painals"] de Moustier-Hubert" among those who took part in the conquest of England in 1066, but he cites no source which names William.

Orderic Vitalis records the death of “Guillelmus Paganellus”, dated to 1087 from the context. ²