Research Notes:

Born one year before his father's death (i.e., in 134); his mother Ghadana was Regent until he came of age. Traditionally she was Regent for 14 years (therefore he came of age at 15) and he reigned for 36 years thereafter. — Pharasmanes came to Rome as guest of the Emperor Antonius Pius (138-161), together with his wife, son, and noble retinue; he was especially honored, being allowed to sacrifice in the Capitol and to have his equestrian statue in the Temple of Bellona; and the Emperor increased the territory of his kingdom. He could not have been younger than 20 at the time of his visit, so it may be dated as c. 154. After Capitolinus, the trip to Rome has been, through an understandable confusion, attributed to Pharasmanes II. ¹

------------------------------------

Ghadam (perhaps the same as Ksefarnug) is recorded as dying after three years, leaving the throne to an infant Parsman III, who had a long and uneventful reign. Parsman II [sic] was followed in AD 185 by his son Amazasp III who repelled an Ossetian invasion and then faced a rebellion by his aristocracy, allegedly in Armenian and Ossetian pay. Amazasp III was killed in battle in AD 189, and his throne taken by a rebellious nephew, Rev I. ²